One-liner, cross platform, doesn’t look like the cat slept on your keyboard:
npx git-removed-branches
(dry-run) or
npx git-removed-branches --prune
(removes for real).
You need to already have node.js installed.
Source: git – How to prune local tracking branches that do not exist on remote anymore – Stack Overflow
Add above as external command in Visual Studio 2022 “Tools” menu: